Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 19، number In Volume 4، July 2026 ، issue Number 122

Analysis of the Story of Siyavash Based on Humanistic Psychology and the Principle of Self-Actualization

Mohammad Ahi (Author in Charge), Khalil Tavakoli Saleh

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, as a unique treasure of Iranian culture, contains heroes who reflect the moral and psychological ideals of their society. Among these, the story of Siyavash is considered one of the most tragic and symbolic narratives of this epic. Given the humanistic psychology approach in explaining humans" innate capacities for growth and meaning-making in life, this study aims to analyze Siyavash’s character and fate based on the principles of this school, particularly Abraham Maslow’s core concept of "self-actualization." The main question is whether Siyavash achieved this transcendent stage when facing complex life challenges.

METHODOLOGY: This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through direct and selective study of the verses narrating Siyavash’s story in the Shahnameh and analyzed based on the theoretical framework of humanistic psychology (theories of Maslow, Rogers, and Frankl). The criterion for assessment was the systematic alignment of Siyavash’s behaviors, speeches, and decisions with the seven main components of self-actualization: ethical behavior, creativity, responsibility, free will, realism, problem-solving ability, and enjoyment of life.

FINDINGS: The analyses indicate that after receiving balanced upbringing under Rostam’s care and having his basic needs met, Siyavash naturally entered the path of transcendental growth. In all decisive crises (from rejecting Sudabeh’s proposal and voluntarily passing through fire to choosing peace and accepting martyrdom), he consistently acted based on authenticity, wisdom, and moral conscience, clearly demonstrating the seven components. His psychological conflicts were not only obstacles to progress but also dynamic drivers for achieving his true self and adhering to higher values.

CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, Siyavash is a prominent example of a self-actualized individual in humanistic psychology. By overcoming environmental pressures, he consciously and responsibly chose his moral path, reaching the highest level of personality perfection. His martyrdom was not a sign of failure, but rather the peak of spiritual transcendence and the full manifestation of his latent human potentials.

Keyword
Ferdowsi , Siyavash , Humanistic Psychology , Self-Actualization